This piece pits two legendary beauties, Helen of Troy and Emily Ratajkowski. The central shape is an abstract representation of a scene in a music video featuring the latter. The shape itself includes two curves with circles rolling down them. One of those curves is a portion of a cycloid (aptly named the Helen of Geometry due to the number of epic math battles involving it). For example, Johann Bernoulli presented his Brachistochrone Problem as a challenge for the world's leading mathematicians. It asks to determine the curve a ball would descend fastest between two points under a gravitational field's influence. The writing on the work relates to this curve and the two belles. I'll explain some of these references and leave the rest for the viewer to unpack. Issac Newton, for example, received Bernoulli's problem at 4 PM and solved it later that night. So, while "nothing good happens at 4 AM", at 4 in the afternoon, Newton displayed his legendary mathematical genius. "Moby Dick" references the cycloid making a cameo in Herman Melville's famous work (in particular, its "equal time" property). While undoubtedly true, the title "Bad Spelling Is Particularly Atrocious When Writing Equations" was partially accidental. It was a response to the artist confusing the model's name and subsequently spelling Emily as Emma in the lower portion of the work.
This piece pits two legendary beauties, Helen of Troy and Emily Ratajkowski. The central shape is an abstract representation of a scene in a music video featuring the latter. The shape itself includes two curves with circles rolling down them. One of those curves is a portion of a cycloid (aptly named the Helen of Geometry due to the number of epic math battles involving it). For example, Johann Bernoulli presented his Brachistochrone Problem as a challenge for the world's leading mathematicians. It asks to determine the curve a ball would descend fastest between two points under a gravitational field's influence. The writing on the work relates to this curve and the two sex symbols. Sfumato is an art technique that was common during the Renaissance. Its Italian translation means "turned to smoke" or "blurred."
This collage combines three of the most important players in artistic love triangles: Shakespeare (Twelfth Night), Picasso (Marie Therese and others), and Jackson Pollock. The last two had tragic endings (gun and gin). The word "SHIP" references Lee Krasner leaving by ship right before Pollock's fatal car accident with his new lover and the shipwreck at the beginning of Twelfth Night. "Rapunzel loses her hair" refers to the blond beauty Marie Therese losing her hair after a tragic swim. The sheet of paper is from the "Twelfth night". Written on top of the paper is the phrase "Love triangle? No a couple to be exact" combined with relevant math symbols (in particular an exact couple which relates to another mathemtical concept called a spectral sequence). This refers to the love triangle and conclusion of the Twelfth Night. The word spectral also refers to the ghost like figure on the right of the work that comes from one fo Picassos’ paintings about love traingles. Almost drowned references Viola's brother in 12th and another's close call.
I added relevant math to Paul Klee's Two Men Meet, Each Believing the Other to Be of Higher Rank which features two men bowing at each other. Referencing the Birch Swinnerton Dyer conjecture, I sketch the “analytic” and “algebraic” ranks of an elliptic curve and draw arrows pointing to thought bubbles. Since it is unknown which value is larger (the conjecture hypothesizes they are equal) neither man knows which value is larger and hence bow.
This work is a clarion call for society to sober up and continue the fight against slavery.
Even though slavery was finally criminally abolished in 2007 there are tragically still 27,000,000 slaves in the world. Its time for us all to sober up and join the fight for a world where people cant invade another’s most intimate space whether for work or sex.
This will be a cursory introduction to the work. This work focuses on Mickey Mantle, spheres, toplogy, and the number 7. Topology's first results come from the great Leonhard Euler: the seven Bridges of Konnisberg problem and his Polyhedron formula for the 2-sphere. John Milnor revolutionized topology with his discovery of the exotic 7-sphere in 1956, for which he won the Fields Medal and essentially every other prestigious math award. Mantle wore number 7, won 7 World Series, and achieved his best year in 1956, winning the Triple Crown. 7 years after discovering his exotic 7-sphere Milnor, jointly with Kervaire (M-K), went on to classify large swaths of these exotic spheres relying heavily on mathematical surgery. Mantle tore his right ACL and badly needed surgery. One of many interesting aspects of M-K’s work is they show a portion of the classification of exotic spheres ties to the Bernoulli numbers. In essence constructing a “bridge” between topology and number theory. Several hundred years earlier, Euler gave an interesting definition of the Bernoulli numbers.
Mantle's seven was retired in 1969. 1969 was also the year, Browder, who later chaired Princeton's math department, proved a substantial result in the continued classification of exotic spheres, particularly on the Kervaire invariant problem.
The story continues starting with the Doomsday Conjecture. A scary yet hyperbolic name given to an esoteric conjecture in math about framed manifolds and the Kervaire invariant problem. This horrifying name was partially given in jest as it would make another related problem about spheres much more difficult. An important paper written in 2009 shows there exists a cohomology theory with several interesting properties including a Gap theorem that helps resolve a large part of the Kervaire invariant problem. Mantle and Milnor were both born in 1931. There were two players who wore had their number 8 retired.
Displayed Oct 2020 at the Lincoln Memorial
This piece applies mathematics to argue for the fair representation of African-Americans in our integral businesses and throughout society. The math symbols that have been added to the computer printer paper hint at an important theorem from topology called Brown Representation, but its description is incomplete (topology is a modern form of geometry). This argues that as a society we must work to have African-Americans added and fully represented in technology companies and other thriving industries. The incomplete list of math conditions is symbolic of the fact that while some strides have been made in this regard (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education), more is needed. The Domino box, which has been X'd out, points to the sugar industry (and its role in slavery), and the arrow directed at the printer paper references the migration of African-Americans from one category to another: poorly treated slaves to successful leaders. The fact that some of the symbols were crossed out and then replaced (e.g., the "for all" symbol - upside-down capital “A") alludes to the tragic hiccups on the road to the achievement of these basic civil rights. Finally, the work's raw cotton canvas background points to slavery and the centrality of cotton to its vile practice, a symbolic gesture to describe where our society started. Among other mathematical motivations nestled in this piece, there is the word "monochromatic" (one color) crossed out and replaced with the word "spectrum" (range of color). While there are clear interpretations of this in the context of social justice, in topology, a spectrum is also intimately tied to Brown Representability, expanding this metaphor and the important range of work we must achieve as a society to move forward.
The aesthetic for the piece was motivated by the direct imagery often seen on demonstration or protest signs.
